In this video, I meet with Al (82 years of age) one year after helping him rebuild/refurbish his hydroelectric water wheel. We discuss how the wheel has been performing since, and some of the issues he’s faced with it, as well as solutions and plans going forward. Al then gives me a more in-depth view of how he has managed to live on his property in rural Washington state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States for 46 years. A combination of solar power, his water wheel, and a backup generator provide him with off grid power. While a natural spring provides gravity fed drinking water to his main house, as well as his many unique and custom built out-buildings (including a sauna cabin). Al and I conclude our visit by hiking to the highest point on his 40 acre parcel of land to catch a view of Mt St Helens and reminisce about the 1980 eruption.
Here is a link to the video of Al and I rebuilding the wheel:
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Hydropower harnesses the power of water to generate electricity. Hydropower has existed for centuries, and there are different types of hydroelectric plants. Do you want to know how many types there are and how they work? More infomation: http://www.activesustainability.com/hydropower-how-works
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This hydroelectric power was built in 2020 and has a full 10 part series if you are interested in learning more. I have wanted to install micro hydro power for many years. I am happy to say that I now have a unit up and running. This is making anywhere from 100w to 450w depending on the rain level and season. The components of my install include
1. Elgin coanda intake screen
2. 55 gallon tank as silt catchment
3. 1100 feet of penstock providing 150 feet of head pressure
4. Pelton wheel and permanent magnet alternator from Langston’s alternative power
5. 250 feet of 10/3 wire
6. AC to DC rectifier
7. Midnite classic 250v charge controller
8. Grid tie limiter inverter
9. AGM batteries
10. Off Grid 6000w inverter
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⭐️ About this Episode:
Finally, its time to start working on creating Hydroelectric POWER for the Off Grid Cabin. The 1st step is building a Dam to capture the water so that we can force it to the water wheel that we will be creating in upcoming episodes. Will this work? I SURE HOPE SO!!! Everything we have worked for over the past months all hinges on this idea that our cabin will be truly off grid and powered by WATER!! At best its a theory that we can create enough power to run the cabin but only time will tell. So stay tuned to see how this project comes together!
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This video explains how pumped storage hydroelectric power stations work, what their main components are and their operating characteristics.
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▶️Introduction
This type of power plant converts potential energy to electrical energy, or, electrical energy to potential energy. They achieve this by allowing water to flow from a high elevation to a lower elevation, or, by pumping water from a low elevation to a higher elevation. When water flows to a lower elevation, the power plant generates electricity. When water is pumped to a higher elevation, the power plant creates a store of potential energy. Pumped storage plants use Francis turbines because they can act as both a hydraulic pump and hydraulic turbine.
Pumped storage power plants are used to balance the frequency, voltage and power demands within the electrical grid. Pump storage plants are often utilised to add additional megawatt capacity to the grid during period of high power demand, for this reason, pumped storage plants are referred to as ‘peaking’ plants.
Because pumped storage plants can provide electrical grid operators with power ‘on-demand’, they have a high level of dispatchability (the ability to provide power to the grid as needed).
Components
Irrespective geographical location, all pumped storage plants require an upper and lower reservoir. The difference in elevation between the upper and lower reservoirs is referred to as the ‘head’ (head of pressure) and it must be significant in order for the plant to operate efficiently.
A penstock connects the upper reservoir to a Francis turbine located in the power house. A draft tube and tail race connects the Francis turbine to the lower reservoir.
Operation – Generating Power (Electricity)
Water flows from the upper reservoir, through the penstock, and to the Francis turbine. As the water passes over the Francis runner blades, a pressure differential is created that causes torque (rotary force) to be applied to the runner. The runner begins to rotate.
The turbine runner is connected on a common shaft to an electrical generator. As the runner rotates, so too does the generator rotor. As the rotor rotates through the electromagnetic field within the generator, it induces current in the stator windings and electrical current begins to flow. The electrical current is usually then dispatched to end consumers via a switchyard and electrical transformer.
Water discharged from the turbine runner enters into a draft tube where some of the kinetic energy is recovered and converted to potential energy; the water then enters the tail race and is discharged to the lower reservoir.
In this example, the potential energy of water was converted by the turbine runner into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy was transferred on a common shaft to a generator, which converted the mechanical energy to electrical energy. The entire process can be continuous until the upper reservoir is emptied.
Operation – Storing Potential Energy
Water is pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir by the Francis turbine runner. The flow path is the same as when generating electricity, except the flow direction is reversed.
Pumped Storage Economics
Pumped storage plants rely upon the varying price of electricity to make a profit. Many thermal power plants (coal fired, gas fired etc.) cannot increase or reduce their MW output quickly because this would place large thermal stresses on the power plant components (water tube boiler, piping etc.). For this reason, thermal power plants produce almost as much power at night, as they do during the day.
0:00 Overview
0:36 Advantages and Disadvantages
1:22 3 Types of Hydro Power
1:59 Primary vs. Secondary Sources
2:52 Equation for Potential Energy
4:12 Example Problem 1
5:59 Example Problem 2
